Английский язык для флористов
Шрифт:
g)
_________ has green leaves covered with hairs. Leaves can be heart-shaped or ovate.
h)
Other common names for _________ include lion’s mouth, calf’s snout and toad’s mouth.
i)
_____________ are edible, they have citrus-like taste.
j)
Wood of __________ is used for the production of pallets and furniture.
3. Read the text and fill in the mind-map:
Inflorescence – a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch – соцветие
Form and types
Flowers present a variety of combinations in their range of colour, size, form, and anatomical arrangement. They range in size from minute blossoms to giant blooms. In some plants, such as poppy, magnolia, tulip, and petunia, each flower is relatively large and showy and is produced singly, while in other plants, such as aster, snapdragon, and lilac, the individual flowers may be very small and are borne in a distinctive cluster known as an inflorescence. Regardless of their variety, all flowers have a uniform function, the reproduction of the species through the production of seed.
Basically, each flower consists of a floral axis upon which are borne the essential organs of reproduction (stamens and pistils) and usually accessory organs (sepals and petals). The floral axis is a greatly modified stem; it is usually contracted, so that the parts of the flower are crowded together on the stem tip, the receptacle. The flower parts are usually arrayed in whorls but may also be disposed spirally.
There are commonly four distinct whorls of flower parts: (1) an outer calyx consisting of sepals; within it lies (2) the corolla, consisting of petals; (3) the androecium, or group of stamens; and in the centre is (4) the gynoecium, consisting of the pistils.
The sepals and petals together make up the perianth, or floral envelope. The sepals are usually greenish, while the petals are usually colourful and showy. The androecium, or male parts of the flower, comprise the stamens, each of which consists of a supporting filament and an anther, in which pollen is produced. The gynoecium, or female parts of the flower, comprises one or more pistils, each of which consists of an ovary, with an upright extension, the style, on the top of which rests the stigma, the pollen-receptive surface. The ovary encloses the ovules, or potential seeds.
Stamens and pistils are not present together in all flowers. When both are present the flower is said to be perfect, or bisexual, regardless of a lack of any other part that renders it incomplete. When the same plant bears unisexual flowers of both sexes, it is said to be monoecious (e.g. tuberous begonia); when the male and female flowers are on different plants, the plant is dioecious (e.g. holly); when there are male, female, and bisexual flowers on the same plant, the plant is termed polygamous.
A flower may be radially symmetrical, as in roses and petunias, in which case it is termed regular. A bilaterally symmetrical flower, as in orchids and snapdragons, is irregular.
4. Match anatomic words and definitions:
5. Match preposition of place with the pictures according to the blue ball position:
6. Choose any flower from ex. 1 and describe it according to the mind-map with the use of preposition of place and useful phrases:
USEFUL PHRASES
In the picture I can see …
There’s / There are some…
There isn’t a … / There aren’t any …
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Now you know:
–Anatomy of flower
–Main botanical forms of flowers
–Prepositions of place
–How to describe flowers with the use of there is/ there are
–New words:
Unit 4 Floriography
1. Answer the questions:
What can flowers symbolize?
Which flowers represent love, hope, healing, and good luck?
What do you think “Floriography” means?
Floriography is the term used to represent the language of flowers.
2. Read the first part of the text and decide if the statements a-f are true or false:
The History of Flower Meanings
The symbolic language of flowers has been recognized for centuries in many countries throughout Europe and Asia. They even play a large role in William Shakespeare’s works. Mythologies, folklore, sonnets, and plays of the ancient Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, and Chinese are peppered with flower and plant symbolism—and for good reason. Nearly every sentiment imaginable can be expressed with flowers. The orange blossom, for instance, means purity, and loveliness, while the red chrysanthemum means “I love you.”
Flowery Language of the Victorian Era
Learning the special symbolism of flowers became a popular pastime during the 1800s. Nearly all Victorian homes had, alongside the Bible, guidebooks for deciphering the “language,” although definitions shifted depending on the source.
In the Victorian era, flowers were primarily used to deliver messages that couldn’t be spoken aloud. In a sort of silent dialogue, flowers could be used to answer “yes” or “no” questions. A “yes” answer came in the form of flowers handed over with the right hand; if the left hand was used, the answer was “no.”