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Lubomyr Prytulak
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Wiesenthal Letter 20 Sep 13/97 Jews killing Ukrainians in Lviv
September 13, 1997
Simon Wiesenthal
Jewish Documentation Center
Salztorgasse 6
1010 Vienna
Austria
Dear Mr. Wiesenthal:
In my letter to you of September 12, I presented the testimony of Erwin Schulz to
the effect that in the few days prior to the arrival of German forces in Lviv in 1941,
some 5,000 inhabitants of the Lviv region, predominantly Ukrainians and Poles, had been
killed, and that the killing had been conducted "under the leadership of Jewish
functionaries and with the participation of the Jewish inhabitants of Lemberg."
The continuing question before us can be broken down into two parts: (1) Were
such large numbers of Ukrainians and Poles killed? (2) What ethnic groups were most
responsible for the killing?
On the first question, there does not appear to be much doubt - every one of the
half-dozen sources that I consulted agree that the slaughter did take place. In fact,
in the last quotation of the following set of six, you yourself, Mr. Wiesenthal, can be
seen to agree:
Before fleeing the German advance the Soviet occupational regime
murdered thousands of Ukrainian civilians, mainly members of the city's
[Lviv's] intelligentsia. (Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Volume 3, p. 222)
The Bolsheviks succeeded in annihilating some 10,000 political
prisoners in Western Ukraine before and after the outbreak of
hostilities (massacres took place in the prisons in Lviv, Zolochiv,
Rivne, Dubno, Lutsk, etc.). (Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopaedia, Volume
1, p. 886)
The Soviets' hurried retreat had tragic consequences for thousands of
political prisoners in the jails of Western Ukraine. Unable to
evacuate them in time, the NKVD slaughtered their prisoners en masse
during the week of 22-29 June 1941, regardless of whether they were
incarcerated for major or minor offenses. Major massacres occurred in
Lviv, Sambir, and Stanyslaviv in Galicia, where about 10,000 prisoners
died, and in Rivne and Lutsk in Volhynia, where another 5000 perished.
Coming on the heels of the mass deportations and growing Soviet terror,
these executions added greatly to the West Ukrainians' abhorrence of
the Soviets. (Orest Subtelny, Ukraine: A History, 1994, p. 461)
Right after the entry we were shown 2,400 dead bodies of Ukrainians
liquidated with a shot at the scruff of the neck at the city jail of
Lemberg [Lviv] by the Soviets prior to their marching off. (Hans Frank,
In the Face of the Gallows, p. 406)
In Lvov, several thousand prisoners had been held in three jails. When
the Germans arrived on 29 June, the city stank, and the prisons were
surrounded by terrified relatives. Unimaginable atrocities had
occurred inside. The prisons looked like abattoirs. It had taken the
NKVD a week to complete their gruesome task before they fled. (Gwyneth
Hughes and Simon Welfare, Red Empire: The Forbidden History of the
USSR, 1990, p. 133)
When the German attack came on 22 June the Soviets had no time to take
with them the people they had locked up. So they simply killed them.
Thousands of detainees were shot dead in their cells by the retreating
Soviets. (Simon Wiesenthal, Justice Not Vengeance, 1989, p. 35)
The first question having been settled - I trust - to the satisfaction of all, we
turn now to the second question: Is there any ethnic group that might have been
particularly responsible for the killing? Well, if the slaughter was conducted by the
NKVD or was directed by the NKVD, then the question reduces to What was the ethnic
composition of the NKVD?
The evidence that I have come across points to the conclusion that the NKVD was
dominated by Jews. Here is one such piece of evidence. The speaker is Yoram Sheftel,
John Demjanjuk's Israeli defense attorney, describing his visit to the Simferopol,
Ukraine, KGB headquarters in 1990 - what Sheftel seems to be saying is that out of a
sample of some 30 members of the wartime NKVD, every last one was a Jew:
On the right-hand wall was a stone memorial plaque engraved with the
names of about thirty KGB men from Simferopol who had fallen in the
Great Patriotic War, as the Soviets call World War II. I was shocked
and angry as I read the names: the first was Polonski and the last
Levinstein, and all those between were ones like Zalmonowitz, Geller
and Kagan - all Jews. The best of Jewish youth in Russia, the cradle
of Zionism, had sold itself and its soul to the Red Devil. (The
Demjanjuk Affair: The Rise and Fall of a Show-Trial, 1994, p. 301)
Of course a sample of 30 is not necessarily a sample that is representative of the
entire NKVD; however the Jewish domination of the entire NKVD is not a rare or dubious
hypothesis, but is one, rather, that is upheld from more than one direction:
As a Jew, I'm interested in another question entirely: Why were there
so many Jews among the NKVD-MVD investigators - including many of the