Теория струн и скрытые измерения Вселенной

Надис Стив

[221] Geoffrey Landis, “Vacuum States,” Asimov's Science Fiction12 (July 1988): 73–79.

[222] Andrew R. Frey, Matthew Lippert, and Brook Williams, “The Fall of Stringy de Sitter,” Physical Review D. 68(2003).

[223] Sidney Coleman, “Fate of the False Vacuum: Semi-classical Theory,” Physical Review D. 15 (May 15, 1977): 2,929-2,936.

[224] Steve Giddings (University of California, Santa Barbara), interview with author, September 24, 2007.

[225] Matthew Kleban (New York University), interview with author, January 17, 2008.

[226] Dennis Overbye, “One Cosmic Question, Too Many Answers,” New York Times, September 2, 2003.

[227] Andrei Linde (Stanford University), interview with author, December 27, 2007.

[228] Giddings, interview with author, October 17, 2007.

[229] Shamit Kachru (Stanford University), interview with author, September 18, 2007.

[230] Linde, interview with author, December 27, 2007.

[231] Henry Tye (Cornell University), interview with author, September 12, 2007.

[232] Linde, interview with author, January 10,2008.

[233] S. W. Hawking, “The Cosmological Constant,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 310 (1983): 303–310.

[234] Kleban, interview with author, January 17, 2008.

[235] Steven B. Giddings, “The Fate of Four Dimensions,” Physical Review D. 68 (2003).

[236]

Текст этого и последующих комментариев до конца Главы 12 отсутствует в издании. Похоже, что и комментарии с начала этой главы неверны ( прим. Vadi)

[237] То же.

[238] То же.

[239] То же.

[240] То же.

[241] То же.

[242] То же.

[243] То же.

[244] То же.

[245] То же.

[246] То же.

[247] То же.

[248] То же.

[249] То же.

[250] То же.

[251] Peter Goddard, ed., Paul Dirac: The Man and His Work(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

[252] Eugene Wigner, “The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences,” Communications in Pure and Applied Mathematics13 (February 1960).

[253] Chen Ning Yang, S. S. Chem: A Great Geometer of the 20th Century(Boston: International Press, 1998), p. 66.

[254] Robert Osserman, Poetry of the Universe(New York: Anchor Books, 1996), pp. 142–143.

[255] Richard P. Feynman, The Character of Physical Law(New York: Modern Library, 1994), p. 50.

[256] Michael Atiyah, quoted in Patricia Schwarz, “Sir Michael Atiyah on Math, Physics and Fun,” The Official String Theory Web site, http://www.superstringtheory.com/people/atiyah.html.

[257] Jim Holt, “Unstrung,” New Yorker, October 2, 2006, p. 86.

[258] Michael Atiyah, “Pulling the Strings,” Nature438 (December 22–29, 2005): 1,081.

[259] Robert Mills, “Beauty and Truth,” in Chen Ning Yang: A Great Physicist of the 20th Century, ed. Shing-Tung Yau and C. S. Liu (Boston: International Press, 1995), p. 199.

[260] Henry Tye (Cornell University), e-mail letter to author, December 19, 2008.

[261] Brian Greene, interview by Ira Flatow, “Big Questions in Cosmology,” Science Friday, NPR, April 3, 2009.

[262]

К. C. Cole, “A Theory of Everything,” New York Times Magazine, October 18, 1987.

[263] Nicolai Reshetikhin (University of California, Berkeley), interview with author, June 5, 2008.

[264] Robbert Dijkgraaf (University of Amsterdam), interview with author, February 8, 2007.

[265] Brian Greene, The Elegant Universe(New York: Vintage Books, 2000), p. 210.

[266] Andrew Strominger (Harvard University), interview with author, August 1, 2007.

[267] S. Ramanujan, “On Certain Arithmetic Functions,” Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society22 (1916): 159–184.

[268] Lothar Goettsche, “A Conjectural Generating Function for Numbers of Curves on Surfaces,” November II, 1997, arXiv.org, Cornell University archives, http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/alg-geom/pdf/9711/9711012vl.pdf.

[269] Ai-Ko Liu, “Family Blowup Formula, Admissible Graphs and the Enumeration of Singular Curves, I,” Journal of Differential Geometry56 (2000): 381–579.

[270] Bong Lian (Brandeis University), interview with author, December 12, 2007.

[271] Michael Atiyah, “Pulling the Strings,” Nature438 (December 22–29, 2005): 1,082.

[272] Glennda Chui, “Wisecracks Fly When Brian Greene and Lawrence Krauss Tangle Over String Theory,” Symmetry 4(May 2007): 17–21.

[273] Sean Carroll, “String Theory: Not Dead Yet,” Cosmic Variance blog, Discoveronline magazine, May 24,2007, http://cosmicvariance.com.

[274] Edward Witten, quoted in К. C. Cole, “A Theory of Everything,” New York Times Magazine, October 18, 1987.

[275] Ibid.

[276] Alan Guth (MIT), interview with author, September 13, 2007.

[277] Brian Greene, The Elegant Universe(New York: Vintage Books, 2000), p. 261.

[278] Max Tegmark (MIT), interview with author, October 23, 2007.

[279] Faye Flam, “Getting Comfortable in Four Dimensions,” Science266 (December 9, 1994): 1, 640.