Гендерное общество
Шрифт:
Homicide. Chicago: Aldine, 1988.
3 Цит. по: Gottfredson M., Hirschi T. A General Theory of Crime. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990. P. 145. См.
также: Barkan S. Why Do Men Commit Almost All Homicides and Assault? // Criminology: A Sociological Understanding.
Englewood, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1997; Masculinities and Violence / Ed. L.Bowker. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1998.
4 Wilson J.Q., Herrnstein R. Crime and Human Nature. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985. P. 121.
некоторых биологических теорий насилия см. выше, в главе 2.
5 Эти аргументы я обобщил в главе 2.
6 Lorber J. Paradoxes of Gender. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994. P. 39. О социологии насилия мужчин см.
особенно: Kaufman M Cracking the Armour: Power, Pain and the Lives of Men. Toronto: Viking, 1993; Idem. The Construction of Masculinity and the Triad of Men's Violence // Men's Lives / Ed. M.Kimmel, M.Messner. 4th edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1997; Jackson Т Violence and the Masculine Ideal: Some Qualitative Data // The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 1966. № 364 (March).
7 Ehrenreich B. Blood Rites: Origins and History of the Passions of War. New York: Metropolitan Books, 1997. P. 45, 127.
8 Howell S., Willis R. Societies at Peace. New York: Routledge, 1983.
9 Ibid. P. 38.
10 См. также: Stanko E. Everyday Violence. London: Pandora, 1990. P. 71.
11 Butterfield F. All God's Children: The Bosket Family and the American Tradition of Violence. New York: Avon, 1995. P.
329.
12 Ibid. P. 325; см. также: Wray H. Behind Bars // U.S. News and World Report. 1998. March 23. P. 33; Livingston J.
Crime and Sex: It's a Man's World // Crime and Criminology. 2nd edition. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1996.
13 Цит. по: Stephenson J. Men Are Not Cost Effective. Napa: Diemer, Smith, 1991. P. 248.
448
14 Sharkey J. Slamming the Brakes on Hot Pursuit // The New York Times. 1997. December 14. P. 3.
l5AdlerF. Sisters in Crime. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975. P. 10; Simon R. Women and Crime. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Government Printing Office, 1975 P. 40.
16 Feely M., Little D.L. The Vanishing Female: The Decline of Women in the Criminal Process // Law and Society Review. 1991. Vol. 25. № 4. P. 739.
17 Steffensmeier D.J. Trends in Female Crime: It's Still a Man's World // The Criminal Justice System and Women / Ed.
B.R.Price, N.J.SokoIoff. New York: Clark, Boardman, 1982. P. 121.
18
Katz J. Seductions of Crime: Moral and Sensual Attractions in Doing Evil. New York: Basic Books, 1988. P. 71.
19 Ibid. P. 247.
20 StefTensmeicr D., Allan E. Criminal Behavior: Gender and Age // Criminology: A Contemporary Handbook /
Ed. J.F.Sheley. Mountain View, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1995. P. 85.
21 Adams D. Biology Does Not Make Men More Aggressive Than Women // Of Mice and Women: Aspects of Female Aggression / Ed. K.Bjorkvist, P. Niemela. San Diego: Academic Press, 1992. P. 14;
When She Was Bad: Violent Women and the Myth of Innocence. New York: Viking, 1998; Mann C.R. When Women Kill. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
Fraczek A. Patterns of Aggressive-Hostile Behavior Orientation among Adolescent Boys and Girls // Of Mice and Women: Aspects of Female Aggression Ed. K.Bjorkvist, P.Niemela; Lagerspetz K.M.J., Bjorkvist K. Indirect Aggression in Boys and Girls /Aggressive Behavior: Current Perspectives / Ed. L.R.Huesmann. New York: Plenum, 1994.
Viemero V Changes in Female Aggression Over a Decade // Of Mice and Women: Aspects of Female Aggression /
Ed. K.Bjorkvist, P.Niemela. P. i05.
См., напр.: Donahue A. Population of Female Inmates Reaches Record // USA Today. 1997. July 21; Steffensmeier D., Allan E. Criminal Behavior. P. 85.
25CaIdicott H. Missile Envy. New York: William Morruv,, 1984; Ehrenreich B. The Violence Debate since Adam and Eve // Test the West: Gender Democracy and Violence. Vienna: Federal Minister of Women's Affairs, 1994. P.
34.
"\f
Connell R.W. Masculinity, Violence and War // Men's Lives / Ed. M.Kimmel, M.Messner. 3rd ed. P. 129.
7 Halberstam D. The Best and the Brightest, New York: Random House, 1972. P. 531.
2Я
Цит. по: Easlea B. Fathering the Unthinkable: Masculinity, Scientists and the Nuclear Arms Race. London: Pluto Press, 1983. P. 117; см. также: Easlea B. Patriarchy, Scientists and Nuclear Warriors // Beyond Patriarchy: Essays by Men on Pleasure, Power and Change Ed. M.Kaufman. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1987; Stone I.F. Machismo in Washington / Men and Masculinity / Ed. J.Pleck, J.Sawyer. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974; Cohn C. «Clean 449
Bombs» and Clean Language // Women, Militarism and War: Essays in History, Politics and Social Theory / Ed.
J.B.Elshtain. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1990. P. 137.
29 Cohn C, «Clean Bombs» and Clean Language. P. 35.
30 Ewing W. The Civic Advocacy of Violence // Men's Lives / Ed. M.Kimmel, M.Messner. 1st ed. New York: Macmillan, 1989.
Слова матери Джексона цит. по: Butterfield F. All God's Children. P. 11; см. также: The Civilization of Crime /