Гражданская война, террор и бандитизм (Систематизация социологии и социальная динамика)
Шрифт:
?Copyright - 1992 Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.
SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF YOUNG PEOPLE
In recent decades increasing concern has been voiced regarding
persistent problems of young people that have long-term social
consequences. One of these problems is the increase in unwanted
pregnancies among teenagers. A National Research Council study
noted that in 1987 about a million teenagers became pregnant,
resulting in some 470,000 births, 400,000 abortions, and 130,000
miscarriages. Of special concern has been the disproportionate
increase in pregnancies among girls under the age of 15. Unwanted
pregnancies in this young age group have serious implications for
both the long-term development of the young mother and the normal
development of the infant. The evidence indicates that early
pregnancies handicap young women educationally and vocationally
and limit their future options.
Another area of concern is DRUG ABUSE among young people. Surveys
indicate that most American teenagers have at least tried
marijuana, and many young people also use a variety of other
mood-altering chemicals and drugs. Drug use appears to be
declining among high school students, however, although ALCOHOL
CONSUMPTION by young people has been steadily increasing,
particularly in the younger age range. Evidence seems to indicate
that drug use--including alcohol--is experimental and transient
for most young people and occurs most often in groups.
A third area of concern is the increasing rate of SUICIDE among
young people. In the United States in 1985 suicide was the third
most common cause of death in this age group, following accidents
and homicide; in 1965 suicide ranked fifth. The peak ages for
suicide attempts are from 15 to 19. Estimates indicate that as
many as 100 people may attempt suicide and fail for every one who
succeeds. Suicide attempts by young people are often signals of
distress and pleas for help with some personal crisis. Even when
the attempt seems half-hearted or manipulative, it should be taken
seriously.?
Ruth Teeter
Итак,
Для более детального рассмотрения обратимся к той молодежи, которую привлекают именно удовольствия и по этой причине она предпочитает скрепы первого списка, а именно те, которые создают социальные проблемы.
ХИППИ. Вот заимствованное из той же Grolier энциклопедии описание поведения той части молодежи, которая в свое время получила название ?хиппи?.
"The hippies rejected the traditional family in favor of other
arrangements based on love. In practice, a person lived for
however long he or she wished with whomever they wished, in
couples or in groups known as communes. Sexual relations in these
groups might occur whenever mutual attraction was strong enough.
Hippies strove to live in the present, to "go with the flow," and
to "hang loose," rather than to be "uptight." The quasi-religious
nature of psychedelic experience led many young people to forms of
mysticism. Oriental philosophies, such as yoga, Zen and Tibetan
Buddhism, and the Chinese I CHING (Book of Changes), were studied,
and their more easily accessible aspects were absorbed. Others
followed Western occult pursuits, such as astrology, tarot,
palmistry, and witchcraft. In 1966, after LSD was banned, its
advocate, Timothy LEARY, founded the League for Spiritual
Discovery, which advocated legalizing LSD and marijuana as
religious sacraments . The counterculture reached its apogee in
August 1969 at the WOODSTOCK Music Festival in New York, where
400,000 young people camped together peacefully for three days in
the rain, enjoying music, love, and nude swimming. The event
received nationwide publicity, and many people felt that the new
way of life had proved itself. But the illusion of success was
punctured four months later at an outdoor rock concert in
Altamont, Calif., featuring the ROLLING STONES. On this occasion
the motorcycle gang Hell's Angels was asked to keep order.
Violence broke out, and four people were killed".
Потом
"Decline of the Counterculture
While the counterculture developed a social system that might have
worked for small numbers in an economy of plenty, it could not
sustain the masses of late-coming adherents, who embraced the
culture's hedonism but failed to accept its Utopian commitments.
The unconventional appearance, behavior, and beliefs of members of
the counterculture provoked widespread fear among conventional
people. Long-haired men were beaten up or shot at by alarmed