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19. Edward Halle, The Union of the Two Noble and Illustrious Families ofLancastre & Yorke… (n. p., 1548), fo. xli; Sigrid Maurice and Klaus Maurice, "Counting the Hours in Community Life of the 16th and 17th Centuries," in Klaus Maurice and Otto Mayr, eds., The Clockwork Universe: German Clocks and Automata, 1550–1650 (New York, 1980), 149; Moryson, Itinerary, 1,22–23; Pinkerton, Travels, 1,329.
20. Margaret Killip, The Folklore of the Isle of Man (Totowa, N. J., 1976), 170; Garnet, Lampen, 102, 278; Schindler, Rebellion, 194, James Orchard Halliwell, A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words… (London, 1865), 11, 924; Robert Greene, A Quip for an Upstart Courtier (1594; rpt. edn., Gainesville, Fla., 1954); George Latimer Apperson, English Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases: A Historical Dictionary (London, 1929), 78; Paul Mantoux, The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century: An Outline of the Beginnings of the Modern Factory System in England (London, 1952), 77; LE-P, Nov. 6, 1760.
21. Marjorie McIntosh, "The Diversity of Social Capital in English Communities, 1300–1640 (with a Glance at Modem Nigeria)," JIH 26 (1995), 471; Carol F. Karlsen, The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England (New York, 1984), 171; Thomas Tusser, Five Hundred Pointes of Good Husbandrie, eds. V. Payne and Sidney J. Herrtage (London, 1878), 162; Raffaella Sarti, Europe at Home: Family and Material Culture, 1500–1800, trans. Allan Cameron (New Haven, 2002), 190–191.
22. Wilson, English Proverbs, 909; RB, III, Pt. 1,302–303; Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, A Midwife's Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard Based on Her Diary, 1785–1812 (New York, 1990), 210; Stephen Duck, The Thresher’s Labour (1736) and Mary Collier, The Woman's Labour (1739) (rpt. edn., Los Angeles, 1985), 15; Province and Court Records of Maine (Portland, Maine, 1928), 1,140; Caroline Davidson, A Woman's Work is Never Done: A History of Housework in the British Isles, 1650–1950 (London, 1982), 15.
23. Nov. 20, 1660, Pepys, Diary, 1, 297; Mary Stower, Dec. 15, 1727, Assi 45A8/15/84;
24. Collier, Woman's Labour, 16; Helen and Keith Kelsall, Scottish Lifestyle 300 Years Ago: New Light on Edinburgh and Border Families (Edinburgh, 1986), 97; Timothy J. Casey, ed., Jean Paul: A Reader, trans. Erika Casey (Baltimore, 1992), 339; SAS, XIV, 320, XV, 125; Richard Harvey, "The Work and Mentalit'e of Lower Orders Elizabethan Women," Exemplaria 5 (1993), 418–419.
25. OBP, Dec. 3,1729, 6; "Extract of a Letter from Edinburgh, dated June 27," SJC, July 6,1769; Catherine Parker, Jan. 7,1773, Assi 45/31/1/55; OBP, Dec. 7-12,1763,2.
26. Grose, Dictionary; Tusser, Good Husbandrie, ed. Payne and Herrtage, 58; July 7,1663, Pepys, Diary, IV, 220; Ferdinando Bortarelli, The New Italian, English and French Pocket-Dictionary… (London, 1777), III; Gerald Strauss, Nuremberg in the Sixteenth Century: City Politics and Life Between Middle Ages and Modem Times (Bloomington, Ind., 1976), 192; James Clifford, "Some Aspects of London Life in the Mid-18th Century," in Paul Fritz and David Williams, eds., City & Society in the 18th Century (Toronto, 1973), 23–34; Burt, Letters, 1,25; Susan B. Hanley, "Urban Sanitation in Preindustrial Japan," JIH18 (1987), 1-26.
27. Donald Lupton, London and the Countrey Carbonadoed and Quartered into Severall Characters (1632; rpt. edn. Amsterdam, 1977), 94–96; Kathleen Elizabeth Stuart, "The Boundaries of Honor: 'Dishonorable People' in Augsburg, 1500–1800 (Ph. D. diss., Yale Univ., 1993), 171–175; Mar. 5–7,1799, Drinker, Diary, II, 1142–1143; Clifford, "London Life," 27.
28. Daniel Defoe, A Journal of the Plague Year… (1722; rpt. edn., London, 1927), 223, 233, passim; James S. Amelang, A Journal of the Plague Year: The Diary of the Barcelona Tanner Miguel Parets, 1651 (New York, 1991), 82; OED, s. v. "vespillon"; F. Altieri, Dizionario Italiano ed. Inglese… (London, 1726), I; A Report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston, Containing the Selectmen's Minutes from 1764 to 1768 (Boston, 1889), 12; Aug. 15,20,1665, Pepys, Diary, VI, 192,199; Michael Kunze, Highroad to the Stake: A Tale ofWitchcra.fi, trans. William E. Yuill (Chicago, 1987), 163.
29. The Ecologues and Georgies of Virgil, trans. C. Day Lewis (Garden City, N. Y., 1964), 105.
30. Oct. 21,1807, Diary of Hiram Harwood (typescript), Bennington Historical Society, Bennington, Vt.; A Journal for the Years 1739–1803 by Samuel Lane of Stratham New Hampshire, ed. Charles J. Hanson (Concord, N. H., 1937), 29; "Mus Rusticus," SJC, Apr. 27, 1773; Crusius, Node, ch. 4.25; Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella, On Agriculture and Trees, trans. E. S. Forster and Edward H. Heffner (Cambridge, Mass., 1955), III, 57.
31. Nov. 4, 1777, Sanger, Journal, 165, passim; SAS, XVII, 597; July 1, 1767, Cole, Diary, 236; May 7,1665, James M. Rosenheim, ed., The Notebook of Robert Doughty, 1662–1665 (Aberystwyth, Wales, 1989), 54.
32. Aug. 27, 1691, H. J. Morehouse and C. A Hulbert, eds., Extracts from the Diary of the Rev. Robert Meeke (London, 1874), 43; Awnsham Churchill, comp., A Collection of Voyages and Travels… (London, 1746), VI, 729; Journal of James Robertson, 1767, 118, Manuscripts, National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh; William W. Hagen, Ordinary Prussians: Brandenburg, Junkers and Villagers (1500–1840) (Cambridge, 2002), 120.
33. John Brown, Mar. 19, 1777, Assi 45/33/10c; Augustin Gallo, Secrets de la Vraye Agriculture… (Paris, 1572), 16; Tusser, Good Husbandrie, ed. Payne and Herrtage, 177; Charles Stevens and John Li'ebault, comps., Maison Rustique, or, the Countrey Farme, trans. Richard Surflet (London, 1616), 22.
34. Apr. 25,1698, Diary of John Richards, 52, Dorset Record Office, Bournemouth, Eng.; Best, Books, 124; Feb. 27,1692, Sewall, Diary, 1, 288; Patten, Diary, 190; July 26,1749, Parkman, Diary, 199; Aug. 21,1782, Sanger, Journal, 432; Cole, Diary, 90.
35. Halliwell, Archaic and Provincial Words, 1, 149; Giacomo Agostinetti, Cento e Died Ricordi Che Formano Iil] Bvon Fattor di Villa (Venice, 1717), 230; Feb. 23,1764, Carter, Diary, I, 257, passim, II, passim; Aug. 14, 1672, Isham, Diary, 139; "Henry Vagg," B. Chron., June 28, 1788; Howitt, Country Book, 71; Henry Fielding, The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews (New York, 1950), 158; Yorkshire Diaries & Autobiographies in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Durham, Eng., 1886), 106; Best, Books, 145.