Обман в науке
Шрифт:
178 ‘трехсерийный документальный фильм’: Документальный фильм о докторе Чандра можно посмотреть в Интернете на сайте http://www.cbc.ca/national/news/chandra/
178 ‘ретроспективный повторный анализ’: Hemila Н., Herman Z.S. Vitamin С and the common cold: a retrospective analysis of Chalmers’ review // J. Am. Coll. Nutr. № 14 (2) (April 1995). P. 116–123.
180 ‘обзор и метаанализ’: Vivekananthan D.P. et al. Use of antioxidant vitamins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of randomised trials // Lancet. 2003. № 361. P. 2017–2023.
189 ‘результаты
195 ‘По данным одного исследования’: Nattrass N. Estimating the lost benefits of antiretroviral drug use in South Africa. African Affairs, 2008. № 107 (427). P. 157–176.
196 ‘Еще одно исследование’: Chigwedere P., Seage G.R., Gruskin S., Lee Т.Н., Essex M. Estimating the lost benefits of antiretroviral drug use in South Africa // Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2008. № 49 (4) (1 December). P. 410–415.
197 ‘представил картину’:07–04/news/debating-the-obvious /
209 ‘Исходя из современных данных’:bmj.com/ceweb/about/knowledge.jsp
210 ‘исследования из реального мира’: The classic general medicine reference for this is Ellis J., Mulligan I., Rowe J., Sackett D.L. Inpatient general medicine is evidence based. А-Team, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine // Lancet. 1995. № 346 (8972) (12 August). P. 407–410.
211 ‘все эти исследования’: Mayor S. Audit identifies the most read BMJ research papers. BMJ (2007); 334:554-5; Hippisley-Cox J., Coupland C. Risk of myocardial infarction in patients taking cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors or conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatoiy drugs: population based nested case-control analysis // BMJ. 2005. № 330. P. 1366; Gunnell J., Saperia J., Ashby D. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and suicide in adults: meta-analysis of drug company data from placebo controlled, randomised controlled trials submitted to the MHRA’s safety review // BMJ. 2005. № 330. P. 385; Fergusson D. et al. Association between suicide attempts and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: systematic review of randomised controlled trials // BMJ. 2005. № 330. P. 396.
215 ‘целые области оказываются без внимания’: Iribame А. Orphan diseases and adoptive initiatives // JAMA. 2003. № 290. P. 116. Francisco A. Drug development for neglected diseases // Lancet. 2002. № 360. P. 1102.
218 ‘Если вы посмотрите примечания’: Safer D.J. Design and reporting modifications in industry-sponsored comparative psychopharmacology trials // J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 2002. № 190. P. 583–592.
218 ‘различные исследования показали’: Modell et al. (1997); Montejo-Gonzalez et al. (1997); Zajecka et al. (1999); Preskom (1997): in Safer, ibid.
220 ‘Если разница’: Pocock S.J. When (not) to stop a clinical trial for benefit // JAMA. 2005. № 294. P. 2228–2230.
222 ‘систематический
В., Clark О. Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality // BMJ. 2003. № 326. P. 1167–1170.
222 ‘Один обзор тенденциозных исследований’: Rochon РА., Gurwitz J.H., Simms R.W., Fortin P.R., Felson D.T., Minaker K.L., Chalmers T.C. A study of manufacturer-supported trials of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of arthritis // Arch. Intern. Med. 1994. № 154 (2) (24 January). P. 157–163.
222 ‘исследовались методологические недостатки’: Lexchin J., Bero L.A., Djulbegovic B., Clark O. Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality: systematic review // BMJ. 2003. № 326 (7400) (31 May). P. 1167–1170.
224 ‘B 1995 году только’: Schmidt К., Pittler M.H., Ernst E. Bias in alternative medicine is still rife but is diminishing // BMJ. № 323 C7320) (3 November 2001). P. 1071.
224 ‘Обзор 1998 года’: Vickers A., Goyal N., Harland R., Rees R. Do certain countries produce only positive results? A systematic review of controlled trials // Control. Clin. Trials. № 19 (2) (April 1998). P. 159–166.
226 ‘одна статья обнаружила’: Dubben H., Beck-Bornholdt H. Systematic review of publication bias in studies on publication bias // BMJ. 2005. № 331. P. 433–434.
226 ‘опубликовала статью’: Turner E.H., Matthews A.M., Linardatos E., Tell R.A., Rosenthal R. Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy // N. Eng. J. Med. 2008. № 358 (3) (17 January). P. 252–260.
227 ‘Классическое детективное расследование’: Tramer M.R., Reynolds D.J.M., Moore R.A., McQuay H. J. Impact of covert duplicate publication on meta-analysis: a case study // BMJ. 1997. № 315. P. 635–640.
228 ‘Когда мы провели наше исследование’: Cowley A.J. et al. // Int. Joum. Card. 1993. № 40. P. 161–166.
229 ‘трех самых читаемых статьях’: Audit identifies the most read BMJ research papers // BMJ. № 334 (17 March 2007). P- 554–555.
230 ‘Это позор’: ScolnickE.M. Email communication to Deborah Shapiro, Alise Reicin and Alan Nies re: Vigor. 9 March 2000. Доступно на:Documents/Krumholz_Vioxx/Scolnick2000.pdf
230 ‘Медицинский журнал Новой Англии’: Curfman G.D., Morrissey S., Drazen J.M. Expression of concern reaffirmed // NEJM. № 354 (11) (16 March 2006). P. 1193.
231 ‘американская компания’: Gottlieb S. Firm tried to block report on failure of AIDS vaccine // BMJ. 2000. № 321. P. 1173.
232 ‘Фармацевтическая компания’: Nathan D., Weatherall D. Academia and industry: lessons from the unfortunate events in Toronto // Lancet. № 353 (9155)- P- 771–772.
233 ‘Эти рекламные ролики’: Gilbody et al. Benefits and harms of direct to consumer advertising: a systematic review // Qual. Saf. Health Care. 2005. № 14. P. 246–250;com/cgi/content/full/14/4/246