Простое начало. Как четыре закона физики формируют живой мир

Партасарати Рагувир

13 Singer S. J., Nicolson G. L. The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science. 1972; 175: 720–731.

Глава 6. Предсказуемая случайность

1 Mazo R. M. Brownian Motion: Fluctuations, Dynamics, and Applications. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 2002; Hanggi P., Marchesoni F. 100 years of Brownian motion. Chaos. 2005; 15: 026101–026105.

2 Berg H. C. Random Walks in Biology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.

3 Luo L. Why is the human brain so efficient? Nautilus. 2018 (http://nautil.us/issue/59/connections/why-is-the-human-brain-so-efficient).

4 Redner S. A Guide to First-Passage Processes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

5

О моторных белках и транспортировке грузов в нейронах см. Yagensky O. et al. The roles of microtubule-based transport at presynaptic nerve terminals. Front. Synaptic Neurosci. 2016; 8: 3.

6 Purcell E. M. Life at low Reynolds number. American Journal of Physics. 1977; 45: 3–11.

Глава 7. Сборка эмбрионов

1 Pinto-Correia C. The Ovary of Eve. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

2 Gilbert S. F. Developmental Biology (6th ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 2000.

3 Nusslein-Volhard C., Wieschaus E. Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila. Nature. 1980; 287: 795–801; Haskett D. R. Hedgehog signaling pathway. Embryo Project Encyclopedia. 2015 (http://embryo.asu.edu/handle/10776/8685).

4 Изображение белка Hedgehog мушки Drosophila melanogaster основано на структуре 2IBG из Protein Data Bank: https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2IBG; McLellan J. S. et al. Structure of a heparin-dependent complex of hedgehog and ihog. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2006; 103: 17208–17213. Изображение человеческого белка Sonic hedgehog основано на структуре 3MXW из Protein Data Bank: https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3MXW; Maun H. R. et al. Hedgehog pathway antagonist 5E1 binds hedgehog at the pseudo-active site. J. Biol. Chem. 2010; 285: 26570–26580.

5 Towers M. et al. Insights into bird wing evolution and digit specification from polarizing region fate maps. Nature Communications. 2011; 2: 426.

6 Tarazona O. A. et al. Evolution of limb development in cephalopod mollusks. eLife. 2019; 8: e43828.

7 Kim S. et al. Epigenetic regulation of mammalian hedgehog signaling to the stroma determines the molecular suptype of bladder cancer. eLife. 2019; 8: e43024.

8 Turing A. The chemical basis of morphogenesis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, B: Biological Sciences. 1952; 237: 37–72.

9 Forrest K. M., Gavis E. R. Live imaging of endogenous RNA reveals a diffusion and entrapment mechanism for nanos mRNA localization in Drosophila. Current Biology. 2003; 13: 1159–1168; Lucas T. et al. 3 minutes to precisely measure morphogen concentration. PLOS Genetics. 2018; 14: e1007676.

10 Ilsley G. R. et al. Cellular resolution models for even skipped regulation in the entire Drosophila embryo. eLife. 2013; 2: e00522; Petkova M. D. et al. Optimal decoding of cellular identities in a genetic network. Cell. 2019; 176: 844–855.e15.

11 Dubuis J. O. et al. Positional information, in bits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2013; 110: 16301–16308.

12 Eddison M. et al. Notch signaling in the development of the inner ear: Lessons from Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2000; 97: 11692–11699.

13 Doe C. Q., Goodman C. S. Early events in insect neurogenesis: II. The role of cell interactions and cell lineage in the determination of neuronal precursor cells. Developmental Biology. 1985; 111: 206–219.

14

Об открытии роли латерального торможения в структурировании развивающегося организма см. Bussell K. Milestone 3 (1937): Inhibit thy neighbour. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2004. О белке Notch, его расщеплении и роли в клеточной сигнализации и в латеральном торможении: Gordon W. R. et al. The molecular logic of Notch signaling – a structural and biochemical perspective. Journal of Cell Science. 2008; 121: 3109–3119; Sjoqvist M., Andersson E. R. Do as I say, Not (ch) as I do: Lateral control of cell fate. Developmental Biology. 2019; 447: 58–70.

15 Gomez C. et al. Control of segment number in vertebrate embryos. Nature. 2008; 454: 335–339.

16 Cooke J., Zeeman E. C. A clock and wavefront model for control of the number of repeated structures during animal morphogenesis. J. Theor. Biol. 1976; 58: 455–476.

17 Palmeirim I. et al. Avian hairy gene expression identifies a molecular clock linked to vertebrate segmentation and somitogenesis. Cell. 1997; 91: 639–648; Oates A. C. et al. Patterning embryos with oscillations: Structure, function and dynamics of the vertebrate segmentation clock. Development. 2012; 139: 625–639.

18 What is the future of developmental biology? Cell. 2017; 170: 6–7.

Глава 8. Конструирование органов

1 Potten C. S., Morris R. J. Epithelial stem cells in vivo. J. Cell Sci. 1988; 45–62. Считают, что в день теряется около 10¹¹ клеток при массе каждой около 11^–12 килограммов, а это соответствует потере около 3 тысяч килограммов в течение жизни.

2 Engler J. et al. Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification. Cell. 2006; 126: 677–689.