Транспорт в городах, удобных для жизни
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Глава 8
Города
Причины транспортных проблем в городах намного сложнее, чем об этом принято думать. Многие лежащие на поверхности решения краткосрочного плана являются скорее рефлексными, чем глубоко продуманными, и их применение в долгосрочной перспективе может оказаться сугубо контрпродуктивным. Примерами заблуждений такого рода является уверенность в том, что строительство новых дорог снизит остроту проблемы заторов и уменьшит загрязнение воздуха, или представление, что сооружение отдельно взятой линии рельсового транспорта переломит сложившиеся тренды или даже изменит транспортное поведение жителей целого региона. Не менее распространены упования на эффективность применения принципов свободного рынка к городским транспортным системам и вера в полезность дерегулирования сферы услуг общественного транспорта. Тот факт, что транспортные системы оказывают мощное (немонетарное по своей природе!) воздействие на социальную и окружающую среду не делает это заблуждение менее популярным.