Умная толпа

Рейнгольд Говард

66. Alun Anderson, «The Mathematics of Mayhem», in The World in 2001, «

http://www.theworldin.com/arts/sci/fsl.html

» (5 May 2001).

67. Gordon E. Moore, «Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits», Electronics 38, 8 (19 April 1965): 114-117.

68. «Moore's Law», Intel Corporation, «

http://www.intel.com/research/silicon/mooreslaw.htm

» (21 December 2001).

69. Scott Kirsner, «The Legend of Bob Metcalfe», Wired 6.11, November 1998,

«

http://www.wired.eom/wired/archive//6.11/metcalfe.html? person=bob_metcalfe amp;topic_set=wiredpeople

» (27 January 2002).

70. David P. Reed, «That Sneaky Exponential: Beyond Metcalfe's Law to the Power of Community Building», originally appeared in Context Magazine, Spring 1999 (by permission of DiamondCluster International, Inc. © 1999) «

http://www.contextmag.com/archives/199903/ digitalstrategyreedslaw.asp

» (25 January 2002).

71. Francis Fukuyama, Trust. The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity (New York: Free Press, 1995).

72. Reed, «That Sneaky Exponential», 1999.

Глава 3

1. Epigraph: Cory Doctorow, «My Date with the Gnomes of San Jose», Mindjack, 15 October 2000. «

http://www.mindjack.com/feature/ p2p.html.

» (25 January 2002).

2. Charlene Anderson, «SETI@home and the Planetary Society: A Reminiscence and a Hope for the Future», May 2000, «

http:// www.planetary.org/UPDATES/seti/seti@home_and_planetary_society.html

» (20 January 2002). See also: Roving Mouse, «SETI@home Stats», «

http:// www.roving-mouse.com/setiathome/

» (25 January 2002).

3. Robert Wright, Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny (New York: Vintage, 2000).

4. David P. Reed, «That Sneaky Exponential: Beyond Metcalfe's Law to the Power of Community Building», Context Magazine, Spring 1999 (by permission of DiamondCluster International, Inc. © 1999) «http:.//

www.contextmag.com/archives/199903/digitalstrategyreedslaw.asp

» (1 February 2002).

5. John F. Shoch and Jon A. Hupp, «Notes on the 'Worm' Programs — Some Early Experience with a Distributed Computation», Xerox PARC, September 1980.

6. Ibid., 1. See also: John Branner, Shockwave Rider (New York: Del Rey, 1975), 249-252.

7. Miron Livny and Udi Manber, «Distributed Computation Via Active Messages», IEEE Transactions on Computers 34, 12 (1985): 1185-1190.

8. «Deepest Computation in History for a Yes/No Answer», Technical News Release, 29 September 1999, «

http://www.perfsci.com/ F24release.html

» (1 February 2002).

9. «GIMPS Finds First Million-Digit Prime, Stakes Claim to $50,000 EFF Award», 30 June 1999, «

http://www.mersenne.org/6972593.htm

» (30 January 2002).

10.

«Distributed Computing for Global Climate Research at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory», «

http://www.climate-dynamics.rl.ac.uk/ index.html

» (25 January 2002).

11. United Devices, «

http://www.ud.com/

» (1 February 2002).

12. «The United Devices Cancer Research Program», «

http://www.intel.com/cure/united.htm

» (23 December 2001).

13. Henry Norr, «Idle Computer Time Can Fight Cancer», San Francisco Chronicle, 4 April 2001, Bl.

14. Paul Marks, «Anthrax Screensaver Finds Promising New Drugs»,

NewScientist.com

, 19 February 2002, «

http://www.newscientist.com/ news/news.jsp?id=ns99991953

» (19 February 2002).

15. Google Compute, «

http://toolbar. google.com/dc/faq_dc.html

» (6 March 2002).

16. Harry McCracken, «The Digital Century», PC World, December 1999, «

http://www.pcworld.com/resource/article.asp?aid=13531

» (5 February 2002).

17. Matt Richtel, «With Napster Down, Its Audience Fans Out», New York Times, 20 July 2001, «

http://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/20/ college/coll20MUSI.html

» (2 February 2002); Ron Harris, «Technology: Copyright Laws at Stake in Napster Case», Nando Times, 2 March 2001, «

http://archive.nandotimes.eom/technology/story/0

,1643,500458967500698582503788773-0,00.html» (5 February 2002).

18. Dan Bricklin, «The Cornucopia of the Commons», in Peer-to-Peer: Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies, ed. Andy Oram (Sebastopol, Calif: O'Reilly and Associates, 2001).

19. Ashlee Vance, «Napster Serenades Songwriters, Ready to End Lawsuit», Unlimited Net, 26 September 2001, «

http://

www.unlimited.net.nz/unlimited/unlimited.nsf/ArchiveByAuthor/

3CC3423C3EA87267CC256AD2006D2BA9?OpenDocument» (5 February 2002).

20. «Napster Offers $1 Billion to Settle Suit»,

CNN.com

, 21 February 2001, «

http://www.cnn.com/2001/LAW/02/20/napster.settlement.03/

» (5 February 2002).

21. Gene Kan [1977-2002], «Gnutella», in Peer-to-Peer Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies, ed. Andy Oram (Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly and Associates, 2001); «What Is Gnutella?» Gnutella News, «

http://www.gnutellanews.com/information/what_is_gnutella.shtml

» (2 February 2002).