В поисках энергии. Ресурсные войны, новые технологии и будущее энергетики
Шрифт:
23. Interview with Jean Blancard; Bupp and Derian, Light Water, pp. 105–11.
24. Philippe de Ladoucette to author.
25. Time, May 26, 1986.
26. Philippe de Ladoucette to author.
27. Masahisa Naitoh to author.
Глава 19. Выбор топлива
1. International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2010 (Paris: International Energy Agency, 2010), p. 227.
2. Jone-Lin Wang, “Playing to Strength – Diversifying Electricity,” The Wall Street Journal, February 2006.
3. U. S. Energy Information Administration, “International Energy Statistics,” 2009.
4. The Sierra Club, “Stopping the Coal Rush” Web page, at http://www.sierraclub.org/environmentallaw/coal/.
5. Ayaka Jones and Patricia DiOrio, “Staying Power: Can US Coal Plants Dodge Retirement for Another Decade?” IHS CERA, 2011.
6. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, The Future of Coal: Options for a Carbon-Constrained World, 2007, p. x.
7. MIT, The Future of Coal, pp. ix, 15, 43.
8. John Deutch, The Crisis in Energy Policy: The Godkin Lecture (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011), ch. 3; IHS CERA, Fueling North America’s Energy Future: The Unconventional Natural Gas Revolution and the Carbon Agenda, 2010, pp. vii – 2.
9. Interview with Shirley Jackson.
10. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, “Reactor License Renewal,” February 16, 2011, at http://www.nrc.gov/reactors/operating/licensing/renewal.html.
11. Carol Browner, CNBC interview, February 16, 2010.
12. Gregory Jaczko, “A View from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,” speech, March1, 2010.
13. IHS CERA unpublished paper, “Small Nuclear Reactors – The Promise and the Reality.”.
14. Douglas Frantz and Catherine Collins, Fallout: The True Story of the CIA’s Secret War on Nuclear Trafficking (New York: Free Press, 2011), pp. 82–86; Robert G. Joseph, Countering WMD: The Libyan Experience (Fairfax, VA: National Institute Press, 2009), ch. 1.
15. William Langewiesche, The Atomic Bazaar: The Rise of the Nuclear Poor (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007), p. 173.
16. World Nuclear Association, “Reactor Database.”.
17. Reuters, December 27, 2009.
18. Interview.
19. World Nuclear News, June 10, 2008 (“absolutely wrong”); Reuters, November 10, 2010.
20. European Nuclear Society, “Nuclear Power Plants, Worldwide,” at http://www.euronuclear.org/info/encyclopedia/n/nuclear-power-plant-world-wide.htm.
21. World Nuclear News, January 8, 2011 (“insufficient”); New York Times, March 21, 2011 (“changed everything”); Reuters, April 15, 2011 (“exit”).
22. Dallas Morning News, April 19, 2011 (“month after month”).
23. John Rowe, speech, CERAWeek, March 2011.
Глава 20.
1. John Tyndall, The Glaciers of the Alps (Boston: Ticknor and Fields, 1860), p. 11.
2. Tyndall, The Glaciers of the Alps, p. 21 (“sentiment”); A. S. Eve and C. H. Creasey, Life and Work of John Tyndall (London: Macmillan, 1945), p. 23 (“language”).
3. Tyndall, The Glaciers of the Alps, p. 17 (“ancient glaciers”).
4. Horace B'en'edict de Saussure, Voyage dans de Alps (Geneva: Chez Les Principaux Libraires, 1834).
5. James Rodger Fleming, Historical Perspectives on Climate Change (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 61 (“mathematical theory”).
6. Elizabeth Cary Agassiz, ed., Louis Agassiz: His Life and Correspondence, vol. 1 (Cambridge: Riverside Press, 1886), pp. 263–64 (“shroud”); Edward Lurie, Louis Agassiz: A Life in Science (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988), pp. 80–102 (“beloved fossil fishes,” “God’s great plough”).
7. Eve and Creasey, Life and Work of John Tyndall, p. 86 (“gases not natural”); Fleming, Historical Perspectives on Climate Change, pp. 68–69 (“in my hands”); Mike Hulme, “On the Origin of the ‘Greenhouse Effect’: John Tyndall’s 1859 Interrogation of Nature,” Weather 64, no. 5 (2009), pp. 121–23 (“experimentally based account”).
8. Fleming, Historical Perspectives on Climate Change, pp. 58–71 (“tendency to accumulate,” “every variation”); Eve and Creasey, Life and Work of John Tyndall, p. 279 (“my poor darling”).
9. Svante Arrhenius, “On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air Upon the Temperature of the Ground,” The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, April 1896, pp. 237–76 (“absorption of the atmosphere”); Julia Uppenbrink, “Arrhenius and Global Warming,” Science 272, no. 5265 (1996), p. 1122.
10. Spencer Weart, “The Discovery of Global Warming” and “The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect,” The Discovery of Global Warming, at(three thousand years); Svante Arrhenius, Worlds in the Making: The Evolution of the Universe, tr. H. Borns (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1908), p. 63 (“more abundant crops”).
11. Gustaf Arrhenius Oral History, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Library, April 11, 2006.
12. John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath (New York: Penguin Books, 2006), p. 4.