Английский язык. Практический курс для решения бизнес-задач
Шрифт:
The Value System
The firm’s value chain links to the value chain of upstream suppliers and downstream buyers. The result is a larger stream of activities known as the value system. The development of a competitive advantage depends not only on the firm-specific value chain, but also on the value system of which the firm is a part.
Source: www.quickmba.com
PEST Analysis
A PEST Analysis is an analysis of the external macro-environment that affects all firms. PEST is an acronym for the Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors of the external macro-environment. Such external factors are usually beyond the firm’s control and sometimes present themselves as threats. For this reason, some say that
Many macro-environmental factors are country-specific and a PEST analysis will need to be performed for all countries of interest.
Political Analysis
–Political stability
–Risk of military invasion
–Risk of nationalization
–Legal framework for contract enforcement
–Intellectual property protection
–Trade regulations & tariffs
–Favored trading partners
–Anti-trust laws
–Pricing regulations
–Taxation system – tax rates and incentives
–Wage legislation – minimum wage and overtime
–Work week
–Mandatory employee benefits
–Industrial safety regulations
–Product labeling requirements
Economic Analysis
–Type of economic system in countries of operation
–Government intervention in the free market
–Comparative advantages of host country
–Exchange rates and stability of host country currency
–Efficiency of financial markets
–Infrastructure quality
–Skill level of workforce
–Labor costs
–Business cycle stage (e.g. prosperity, recession, recovery)
–Economic growth rate
–Disposable income
–Unemployment rate
–Inflation rate
–Interest rates
Social Analysis
–Demographics
–Class structure
–Education
–Culture (gender roles, etc.)
–Entrepreneurial spirit
–Attitudes (health, environmental consciousness, etc.)
–Leisure interests
Technological Analysis
–Recent technological developments
–Technology’s impact on product offering
–Impact on cost structure
–Impact on value chain structure
–Rate of technological diffusion
The number of macro-environmental factors is virtually unlimited. In practice, the firm must prioritize and monitor those factors that influence the industry. Even so, it may be difficult to forecast future trends with an acceptable level of accuracy. In this regard, the firm may turn to scenario planning techniques to deal with high level of uncertainty in important macro-environmental variables.
Source: www.netmba.com
Essential Vocabulary
1. SWOT Analysis –
2. expertise n – специальные знания, компетентность, эрудиция; экспертиза
3. proprietor n – собственник, владелец
proprietary a – собственнический, составляющий собственность
4. know-how n – ноу-хау
5. high-grade a – высокого уровня, высокого качества
6. shift n – смена, часы работы; сдвиг, перемещение; средство
shift v – сдвигаться, перемещаться; менять, изменять; убирать
7. substitution n – замена, замещение, субституция
substitute v – заменять
substitute a – взаимозаменяемый, субститут
8. profile n – профиль, очертание; краткий очерк, краткое описание
9. value chain – цепочка ценности
10. logistics n – логистика, материально-техническое снабжение
11. warehouse n – склад
12. after-sale services – послепродажное обслуживание
13.specific a – специфический, удельный, особый, характерный; конкретный, определенный
14. support activities – вспомогательная деятельность
15. procurement n – закупки, приобретение, материально-техническое обеспечение; контракт на поставку
procure v – доставать, добывать, приобретать, закупать, снабжать
16. raw materials – сырье
17. Human Resource Management (HRM) – управление трудовыми ресурсами
18. recruitment n – набор кадров, комплектование личным составом
recruiter n – агент по набору кадров
recruit v – набирать кадры
19. overheads n – накладные расходы
20.discrete а– прерывистый, дискретный, разрозненный; оторванный, отвлеченный