Port Arthur town of Knights of Round Table
Шрифт:
The Tura River is.
Rivers Tura, Kura.
The old Kingdom was between rivers Kura and Tura.
Kur? = Where?
Tur = here! there are!
On Russian,
Тур = (on English):
1.tour, trip, touring (экскурсия, поездка, турне)
2. round, lap (раунд, круг)
3. aurochs (зубр)
4. stage
as the wild animal with two horns.
Turkmenistan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan
From Wikipedia
Turkmenistan (Turkmenia)
"Turkmenistan (Turkmenia)
is a sovereign state in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. The population of the country is 5.6 million, the lowest of the Central Asian republics.
Turkmenistan has been at the crossroads of civilizations for centuries.
In medieval times,
Merv (!, a town Merv !)
was one of the great cities of the Islamic world
and an important stop on the Silk Road,
a caravan route used for trade with China until the mid-15th century.
[[[ See!!!
Mervin (!) as
Wizard Mervin
and the ancient town
Merv (!)
in Turkmenistan, Turkmenia
linked as the connection!]]]
[[[ Arthur, Artur
and
turk, tur,
Turkmenia,
Turkey
might be they all were linked too!!! ]]]
Annexed by the Russian Empire in 1881, Turkmenistan later figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia.
In 1925, Turkmenistan became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR); it became independent upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Turkmenistan possesses the world's sixth largest reserves of natural gas resources.
Most of the country is covered by the Karakum (Black Sand) Desert.
Since 1993, citizens have been receiving government-provided electricity, water and natural gas free of charge"
"Etymology
The name of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: T"urkmenistan) can be divided into two components: the ethnonym T"urkmen and the Persian suffix -stan meaning "place of" or "country". The name "Turkmen" comes from Turk, plus the Sogdian suffix -men, meaning "almost Turk", in reference to their status outside the Turkic dynastic mythological system.[13] However, some scholars argue the suffix is an intensifier, changing the meaning of T"urkmen to "pure Turks" or "the Turkish Turks."[14]
Muslim chroniclers like Ibn Kathir suggested that
the etymology of Turkmenistan
came from the words T"urk (Turk) and Iman (Arabic: "faith, belief")
in reference to a massive conversion to Islam of two hundred thousand households in the year 971."
from Wikipedia
Resource:
Turkmenistan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan
History of Turkmenistan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkmenistan
From Wikipedia
"Ancient history
Scant remains point to early human settlements east of the Caspian Sea, possibly including Neanderthals, although the archaeology of the region as a whole is underresearched.[1]
Bronze Age and Iron Age finds support the probability of advanced civilizations in the area including finds associated with a society known to scholars as the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) - near the modern cities of Mary (previously Merv), Djeitun and Gonur Tepe.[2][3]
By 2000 BCE, Indo-European peoples had settled throughout the region. Most of the present-day Turkmenistan was occupied by BMAC-related societies and the Dahae (also known as the Daae, Daha, Daoi and similar names) - a tribal confederation located immediately east of the Caspian. The Massagetae and Scythians were also present, immediately north of BMAC and the Dahae.
The Persian Empire around 500 BC
Alexander the Great conquered the territory in the 4th century BC on his way to South Asia. In 330 BC, Alexander marched northward into Central Asia and founded the city of Alexandria near the Murgab River. Located on an important trade route, Alexandria later became the city of Merv. The ruins of Alexander's ancient city are still to be found and have been extensively researched. After Alexander's death his empire quickly fell apart. It was ruled by Seleucids before the satrap of Parthia declared independence. The Parthians - fierce, nomadic warriors from the north of Iran - then established the kingdom of Parthia, which covered present-day Turkmenistan and Iran. The Parthian kings ruled their domain from the city of Nisa - an area now located near the modern-day capital of Ashgabat - founded by Arsaces I (reigned c. 250-211 BC), and was reputedly the royal necropolis of the Parthian kings, although it has neither been established that the fortress at Nisa was a royal residence nor a mausoleum.
Excavations at Nisa have revealed substantial buildings, mausoleums and shrines, many inscribed documents, and a looted treasury. Many Hellenistic art works have been uncovered, as well as a large number of ivory rhytons, the outer rims decorated with Iranian subjects or classical mythological scenes.
The ten tribe Proto-Turkic tribal confederation
The Parthian Kingdom succumbed in 224 AD to the Sasanids - rulers of Iran. At the same time, several tribal groups-including in the Huns of Kushan controlled Balkan Province in 91 AD according to Tacitus and later the Alans according to Chinese records -were moving into Turkmenistan from the east and north. Although Ancient Persian traditions always mentioned the Turanian control of the area, these records provided the first independently corroborated evidence of nomadic Non-Iranian peoples into the area of Turkmenistan.