Секреты лаборатории питания. Наука похудения, мифы о силе воли и пользе диет
Шрифт:
Примечания
1. Результаты краткосрочных диет обобщаются во многих статьях. См. некоторые из них: Albert Stunkard, Mavis McLaren-Hume, “The Results of Treatment for Obesity: A Review of the Literature and Report of a Series”, Archives of Internal Medicine 103, no. 1 (1959): 79-85; William Bennett, “Dietary Treatments of Obesity”, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 499 (June 1987): 250-63; Jeanine Cogan, Esther Rothblum, “Outcomes of Weight-Loss Programs”, Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs 118, no. 4 (1993): 385-415; M. G. Perri and P. R. Fuller, “Success and Failure in the Treatment of Obesity: Where Do We Go from Here?”, Medicine, Exercise, Nutrition and Health 4 (1995): 255-72; Alain J. Nordmann et al., “Effects of Low-Carbohydrate vs. Low-Fat Diets on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials”, Archives of Internal Medicine 166, no. 3 (February 13, 2006): 285-93, doi:10.1001/ archinte.166.3.285.
2.
3. Michael L. Dansinger et al., “Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets for Weight Loss and Heart Disease Risk Reduction: A Randomized Trial”, JAMA 293, no. 1 (January 5, 2005): 43-53, doi:10.1001/jama.293.1.43.
4. По данным с сайта http://fatbet.net.
5. Paul N. Chugay and Nikolas V. Chugay, “Weight Loss Tongue Patch: An Alternative Nonsurgical Method to Aid in Weight Loss in Obese Patients”, American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 31, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 26-33.
6. Индекс массы тела рассчитывается по формуле m/h2, где m = масса тела (в кг), a h = рост (в м).
7. К. J. Rothman, “BMI-Related Errors in the Measurement of Obesity”, International Journal of Obesity 32, no. Suppl. 3 (August 2008): S56-9, doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.87.
8. World Health Organization, “BMI Classification”, 2012.
9. Термин «нормальная масса тела» не вполне корректен. С точки зрения статистики значения массы тела не имеют нормы, а наличие самого термина подразумевает, что все остальные варианты являются ненормальными. Я по возможности старалась не использовать это выражение в книге.
10. См., например: Thomas R. Knapp, “A Methodological Critique of the ‘Ideal Weight’ Concept”, JAMA 250, no. 4 (July 22, 1983): 506, doi:10.1001/jama.1983.03340040046030. Детальный анализ вопроса можно найти в работе: Glenn Alan Gaesser, “Big Fat Lies: The Truth about Your Weight and Your Health” (Carlsbad, CA: Giirze, 2002).
11. По данным Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, опубликованным в 1983 г.
12. Stunkard and McLaren-Hume, “The Results of Treatment for Obesity”.
13. См., например: R. R. Wing and R. W. Jeffery, “Outpatient Treatments of Obesity: A Comparison of Methodology and Clinical Results”, International Journal of Obesity 3, no. 3 (1979): 261-79.
14. Rena R. Wing and Suzanne Phelan, “Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 82, no. 1 Suppl. (July 2005): 222S-225S.
15. Institute of Medicine, “The Nature and Problem of Obesity”, in “Weighing the Options: Criteria for Evaluating Weight-Management Programs”, ed. P. R. Thomas (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1995), 55-58.
16. Robert W. Jeffery, Rena R. Wing, and Randall R. Mayer, “Are Smaller Weight Losses or More Achievable Weight Loss Goals Better in the Long Term for Obese Patients?”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 66, no. 4(1998): 641-45.
17. G. D. Foster et al., “What Is a Reasonable Weight Loss? Patients’ Expectations and Evaluations of Obesity Treatment Outcomes”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 65, no. 1 (February 1997): 79-85.
18.
Follow-up”, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 107, no. 10 (October 2007): 1755-67, doi:10.1016/j.jada.2007.07.017; Dansinger et al., “Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets for Weight Loss and Heart Disease Risk Reduction: A Randomized Trial.”, JAMA 293, no. 1 (January 5, 2005): 43-53, doi:10.1001/ jama.293.1.43; Bradley C. Johnston et al., “Comparison of Weight Loss among Named Diet Programs in Overweight and Obese Adults”, JAMA 312, no. 9 (September 03, 2014): 923, doi:10.1001/jama.2014.10397.
19. R. Cleland et al., “Commercial Weight Loss Products and Programs: What Consumers Stand to Gain and Lose. A Public Conference on the Information Consumers Need to Evaluate Weight Loss Products and Programs”, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 41, no. 1 (January 2001): 45-70, doi:10.1080/20014091091733.
20. Там же.
21. Из передачи «The Men Who Made Us Thin», серия 1. В августе 2013 г. передача была доступна по ссылке:com/watch? v=I-LoAm_etU.
22. 16% — показатель куда более высокий, чем упоминаемые в научной литературе, но эти цифры интервьюер использует в своем вопросе.
23. Lucy Wallis, “Do Slimming Clubs Work?”, BBC News Magazine, 2013, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23463006.
24. Weight Watchers International, Business Plan, 2001.
25. C. Ayyad and T. Andersen, “Long-Term Efficacy of Dietary Treatment of Obesity: A Systematic Review of Studies Published between 1931 and 1999”, Obesity Reviews 1, no. 2 (2000): 113-19.
26. David W. Swanson and Frank A. Dinello, “Follow-up of Patients Starved for Obesity’, Psychosomatic Medicine 32, no. 2 (March 1,1970): 209-14.
27. Для ознакомления с двумя примерами см.: D. D. Hensrud et al., “A Prospective Study of Weight Maintenance in Obese Subjects Reduced to Normal Body Weight Without Weight-Loss Training”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): 688-94; F. M. Kramer et al., “Long-Term Follow-up of Behavioral Treatment for Obesity: Patterns of Weight Regain among Men and Women”, International Journal of Obesity 13, no. 2 (1989): 123-36.