118 исторических миниатюр и 108 авторских текстов на 13 иностранных языках. Сборник
Шрифт:
Reader(woman) looked at the Reader(man) with amazement and confirmed:
– Karamzin is Great!
– Karamzin is Great!
– reiterated the Reader(man) the words of Reader(woman) and added:
– Karamzin is a historian of an era of the Emperor Alexander I. Partitions (sections) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita) were completed. Territories of the former Grand-Lithuanian state became - generally - territories of governorates (provinces) of the Russian Empire. The period between two dynasties - the House of Rurik and The House of Romanov - was named as the Time of Troubles (Russian:
– According to Wikipedia (rus), - stated the Reader(woman), - Emperor Alexander I, by a decree of October 31, 1803, gave the rank (title ) of Historian Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin; to the title at the same time was added 2 thousand rubles of annual salary. The illumination of the Russian historical process brought Karamzin closer to the yard and the king who settled him near him in Tsarskoe Selo.
– How to name the inhabitants of Grand Duchy of Lithuania?
– Reader(man) with a smilehas quoted the Reader(woman)'s questions.
– Members of the Polish-Lithuanian szlachta? Between the dynastic union of 1385 and state union (association of two states of Poland and Lithuanian Duchy in Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) in 1569 almost two centuries have passed ... The Duchy existed. Had inhabitants. How them to name? At Karamzin's "History" the word "litvin" twinkles. But, probably, this word strange sounded and in times of Karamzin. It especially is strange sounds now.
– "Litvin" - a word strange. It seems that it never was widespread and was never perceived by the cultural environment, - the Reader(woman) noted.
– The term "Lithuanians", as the name of all residents of the huge Grand-Lithuanian state, creates effect of reduction, effect of minimization. Effect of separation. If attention is directed towards small ethnic Lithuania and on a small nation of Lithuanians. Then beyond the limits of perception are the outstanding democratic achievements of the Grand-Lithuanian state, and its glorious history and its territorial dimensions.
– Any "History" exists in a historical context, - the Reader(man) has again smiled.
– in historical literature it is possible to meet opinion that Government of the Russia, Prussia and Austria were afraid of the constitutional and democratic reforms in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, seeing in it manifestation of the spirit of the French revolution.
It is unlikely that such opinions were a subject of discussion in the conditions of absolute monarchy.
– Since 1569 Grand-Lithuanian state in the Commonwealth.
– Added Reader(woman).- There is some difficulty in perceiving the fact that there were such political manifestations as decentralization, confederation and federation, democracy and religious tolerance, legal protection of personal freedoms. Res Publica? Respublica? Rech Pospolita? Rzeczpospolita? Continuation of democratic traditions of Antiquity, of Ancient Rome?
– Whether the name "Rzeczpospolita" the official name, the official designation? However what are the criteria for "officiality"? You can quite safely assume that in official documents this name was used, - said the Reader(man).
– There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, what was difficult perceived in the conditions of absolute monarchy!
– the Reader(woman) has joked.
26.09.2017 8:44
Note to the translated text:
1.Литва (Lithuania).
2.Великое княжество Литовское (Grand Duchy of Lithuania).
"Великое": Transliteration: "velikoye"
2.1. Version. Inhabitants - литовцы (Lithuanians).
2.2. Version. Inhabitants - Great (Grand) Lithuanians.
2.3. Version. (Partial transliteration). Inhabitants - Velikolithuanians (veliko=Lithuanians).
This translation from Russian into English: 26.09.2017 15:05
Владимир Владимирович Залесский "Диалог о великолитовцах".
XXVI. Dialog o Velikolithuanians
Czytelnik i Czytelniczka przeszli przez ulice na zielonym 'swietle.
Czytelnik postanowil wykaza'c zdolno's'c uwaznie slucha'c podczas rozmowy i doskonala pamie'c:
– Wielkie Ksiestwo Litewskie Karamzin nazywa Litwa, a mieszka'nc'ow tego pa'nstwa (ksiestwa) litwinami. "Litwini" - ten termin u Karamzin dominuje. Jak to "niewygodne". I etniczni litwini, i Litwa (etniczne terytorium) istnialy i przy Karamzin.
"Ta" - niewielka - "etniczna" Litwa (cze'sciowo) wchodzila kilku wiek'ow w sklad bardzo znacznego po terytorium Wielkiego ksiestwa Litewskiego.
Tym bardziej, nazywa'c "litwinami" wszystkich mieszka'nc'ow Ksiestwa "niewygodne" w czasach, gdy istnieje nadBaltyckie male pa'nstwo, Litwa. Niedogodno'sci, mieszanie znacze'n.
Czytelniczka ze zdumieniem spojrzala na Czytelnika i potwierdzila:
– Karamzin wielki!
– Karamzin wielki!
– ponownie odtworzone slowa Czytelniczki Czytelnik. I dodal:
– Karamzin jest historykiem epoki cesarza Aleksandra I Romanowa. Zako'nczone rozbiory Polski. Terytorium dawnego pa'nstwa Wielkiego Litewskiego stalo sie - w zasadzie - terytoriami prowincji Imperium Rosyjskiego. Okres pomiedzy dwie Dynastie - Rurykowicz'ow i Romanow'ow - zostal nazwany Wielka smuta (ros. Смутное время)
– Wedlug Wikipedii - stwierdzila Czytelniczka.
– Cesarz Aleksander I imiennym dekretem z dnia 31 pa'zdziernika 1803 nadal tytul историографа Nikolaj Michajlowicz Karamzin; do tytulu nastepnie dodano 2 tysiace rubli rocznego placi'c mu. O'swietlenie rosyjskiego procesu historycznego akurat zblizylo Karamzin z dworem i kr'olem, поселившим go obok siebie w Carskim siole.
– Jak wymieni'c mieszka'nc'ow Wielkiego Ksiestwa Litewskiego?
– z u'smiechem Czytelnik cytowal pytania od Czytelniczka.
– Czlonkowie szlachty polsko-litewskiej? Miedzy unia 1385 roku i pa'nstwowej unia (zjednoczeniem dw'och pa'nstw Polski i Ksiestwa Litewskiego w Rzeczpospolita) w 1569 roku minelo prawie dwa wieki... Ksiestwo istnialo. On mial mieszka'nc'ow. Jak ze ich nazwa'c? U Karamzin miga slowo "литвин". Lecz, zapewne, to slowo dziwnie brzmialo i w czasach Karamzin. Tym wiecej dziwnie ono brzmi teraz.