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85 Seymour Martin Lipset, The First New Nation: The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective(New York: Norton, 1973), p. 103.
86 William Lee Miller; John Higham, "Hanging Together: Divergent Unities in American History", Journal of American History,61 (June 1974), p. 15; Jeff Spinner, The Boundaries of Citizenship(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994), p. 79-80.
87 Lipset, American Exceptionalism,p. 63-4.
88 Francis J. Grund, The Americans in Their Moral, Social and Political Relations(New York: Johnson Reprint, 1968), p. 355-56.
89 Geert Hofstede, Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values(Beverly Hills: Sage, 1980), p. 222; Henry van Loon, "How Cadets Stack Up", Armed Forces Journal International(March 1997), p. 18-20; Lipset, American Exceptionalism,p. 218; Charles Hampden-Turner and Alfons Trompenaars, The Seven Cultures of Capitalism(New York: Doubleday, 1993), p. 48, 57. See also Harry
90 Bellah, Broken Covenant,p. 76; John G. Cawelti, Apostles of the Self-Made Man(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965), p. 39ff; Bill Clinton, remarks to Democratic Leadership Council, 1993 quoted in Jennifer L. Hochschild, Facing Up to the American Dream,p. 18.
91 Judith N. Shklar, American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991), p. 1-3, 67, 72-5.
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92 Schaff, America: A Sketch of Its Political, Social, and Religious Characterp. 29; Michael Chevalier, Society, Manners and Politics in the United States; Letters on North America(Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1967), p. 267-68.
93 Roger M. Smith, "The 'American Creed' and American Identity: The Limits of Liberal Citizenship in the United States", Western Political Quarterly,41 (June 1988),p.239, citing Eric Foner, Free soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War(New York: Oxford University Press, 1970); Cawelti, Apostles of the Self-Made Man,esp. p. 39ff.
94 Cindy S. Aron, Working at Play: A History of Vacations in the United States(New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 236; International Labor Organization Study September 1999, cited in The Daily Yomiuri, 7September 1999, p. 12; Prospect,No. 49 (February 2000), p. 7, citing Boston Review,December 1999-January 2000.
95 Daniel Yankelovich, "What's Wrong— And What's Right — With U.S. Workforce Performance", The Public Perspective,3 (May/June 1992), p. 12-14; "American Enterprise Public Opinion and Demographic Report"; Jack Citrin, et al, "Is American Nationalism Changing? Implications for Foreign Policy", International Studies Quarterly,38 (March 1994), p. 13.
96 New York Times,9 May 1999, p. WK5; Shklar, American Citizenship,p. 98.
97 Schaff, America: A Sketch of Its Political, Social, and Religious Character,p. 29; Hochschild, Facing Up to the American Dreampp. 228-29; New York Times,11 February 1999, p. Al.
98 Bellah, Broken Covenant,p. 179; Wills, Under God,p. 25.
99 Alan Heimert, Religion and the American Mind, From the Great Awakening to the Revolution(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966), p. 14, 19; Ruth H. Bloch, Visionary Republic: Millenial Themes in American Thought,1756— 1800 (Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. xiv.
100 John Adams, letter to Hezekiah Niles, 13 February 1818, in Adrienne Koch and William Peden, eds., The Selected
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Writings of John and John Quincy Adams(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1946), p. 203.
101 Bellah, Broken Covenant,p. 44-45.
102 William W. Sweet, Revivalism in America: Its Origin, Growth, and Decline(New York: Scribners, 1944),p. 159-61.
103 Alan P. Grimes, The Puritan Ethic and Woman Suffrage(New York: Oxford University Press, 1967), p. 102.
104 Sidney Ahlstrom, "National Taruma and the Changing Religious Values", Daedalus,107 (Winter 1978), p. 19-20.
105 Al Haber, quoted in Edward J. Bacciocco, Jr., The New Left in America(Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1974), p. 228-29.
106 Walter A. McDougall, Promised Land, Crusader State: The American Encounter with the World Since 1776(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1997); and for a somewhat different view, James Kurth, "The Protestant Reformation and American Foreign Policy", Orbis,(Spring 1998), p. 221-39.
107 Newsweek,8 July 2002, p. 23-25; New York Times,27 June 2002, p. Al, A21.
108 New York Times,27 June 2002, p. A21, 1 July 2002, p. A8, 1 March 2003, p. A2.
109 New York Times,29 Nov 1999, p. A14.
110 Gaines M. Foster, "A Christian Nation: Signs of a Covenant", in John Bodnar, ed. Bonds of Affection: Americans Define Their Patriotism(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), p. 121-22; Nathan O. Hatch, The Sacred Cause of Liberty: Republican Thought and the Millennium in Revolutionary New England(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977), p. 22; Robert Middlekauff, "The Ritualization of the American Revolution", in Stanley Cohen and Lormon Ratner, eds., The Development of an American Culture(New York: St. Martin's Press, 2nd ed., 1983), p. 50-53; Rogers M. Smith, Civic Ideals: Conflicting Visions of Citizenship in U.S. History(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), p. 75; Michael Novak, God's Country: Taking the Declaration Seriously(Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1999 Francis Boyer Lecture, 2000), p. 12-17.
111 Quotations from Walter A. McDougall, Promised Land, Crusader State: The American Encounter with the World
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Since 1776(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1997), p. 38; Robert N. Bellah, The Broken Covenant: American Civil Religion in Time of Trial(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2nd ed., 1992), p. 180-82; Jon Butler, Awash in a Sea of Faith: Christianizing the American People(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990), p. 214; Novak, God's Country,p. 25-26; Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America(New York: Vintage, 1945), vol. 1, p. 316.