Медицинский английский язык для врачей и пациентов с транскрипцией (краткий курс)
Шрифт:
EMTs (Emergency Medical Technicians who help in ambulances, etc.) [i:-?m-ti:z (?'m?:??nsi 'm?d?k?l t?k'n???nz hu: h?lp ?n 'aembj?l?ns?z, ?t's?t?r?.)],
pharmacists who prepare and dispense drugs ['f?:m?s?sts hu: pr?'pe?r aend d?'sp?ns dr??z],
dentists (as well as orthodontists, dental hygienists, and dental assistants) who work on teeth ['d?nt?sts (aez w?l aez ??:??'d?nt?sts, 'd?nt?l 'ha??i:n?sts, aend 'd?nt?l ?'s?st?nts) hu: w?:k ?n ti:?].
Названия специальностей врачей. Проверьте, насколько хорошо вы запомнили названия специальностей врачей.
Names of the Doctors' Specializations [ne?mz ?v ?? 'd?kt?z ?sp???la?'ze???nz]. Check how you remember the names of the doctors' specializations [??k ha? ju: r?'m?mb? ?? ne?mz ?v ?? 'd?kt?z ?sp???la?'ze???nz].
Врачи
Они могут посещать своих пациентов каждый год для “проверки”, если они здоровы. Они, как правило, первыми оказывают медицинскую помощь больным пациентам.
Хирурги
Они проводят хирургические операции, “оперируют” людей, делая надрезы на их телах для удаления раковых опухолей или восстановления поврежденных тканей и т. д.
Анестезиологи
Они проводят анестезию, чтобы пациенты не чувствовали боли во время операции. Радиологи Они интерпретируют рентгеновские снимки.
Педиатры
Они ухаживают за детьми.
Кардиологи
лечат сердце
Дерматологи
занимающиеся кожными заболеваниями
Онкологи
лечащие онкологические заболевания
Психоневрологи
занимается психикой человека
Отоларингологи
лечат горло, уши и нос
Эндокринологи
занимаются эндокринной системой
Гастроэнтерологи
занимаются желудочно-кишечным трактом (ЖКТ)
General practitioners (G.P.) ['??n?r?l praek't??n?z (?i:.pi:)]
They may see their patients every year for a “check-up” when healthy [?e? me? si: ?e? 'pe???nts '?vri j?? f?:r e? “??k-?p” w?n 'h?l?i]. They are usually the first providers of care when patients are ill [?e? ?: 'ju:?u?li ?? f?:st pr?'va?d?z ?v ke? w?n 'pe???nts ?:r ?l].
Surgeons ['s?:??nz]
They perform surgery, “operate on” people – cutting into their bodies to remove cancers or repair damaged tissues, etc. [?e? p?'f?:m 's?:??ri, “'?p?re?t ?n” 'pi:p?l – 'k?t?? '?ntu: ?e? 'b?diz tu: r?'mu:v 'kaens?z ?: r?'pe? 'daem??d 't??u:z, ?t's?t?r?]
Anesthesiologists [?aen?s??i:zi'?l???sts]
They administer anesthesia so patients will not feel pain during surgery [?e? ?d'm?n?st?r ?aen?s'?i:zi? s?? 'pe???nts w?l n?t fi:l pe?n 'dj??r?? 's?:??ri].
Radiologists [?re?di'?l???sts]
They interpret X-rays [?e? ?n't?:pr?t '?ks're?z].
Pediatricians [?pi:di?'tr???nz]
They care for children [?e? ke? f?: '??ldr?n].
Cardiologists [?k?:di'?l???sts]
heart doctors [h?:t 'd?kt?z]
Dermatologists [?d?:m?'t?l???sts]
for skin diseases [f?: sk?n d?'zi:z?z]
Oncologists [?n'k?l???sts]
cancer doctors ['kaens? 'd?kt?z]
Psychoneurologist [sa?k??nj??'r?l???st]
deals with the human psyche [di:lz w?? ?? 'hju:m?n 'sa?ki]
Otolaryngologists [??t??laer??'g?l???st]
treat the throat, ears and nose [tri:t ?? ?r??t, ??z aend n??z]
Endocrinologists [??nd??kra?'n?l???sts]
deal with the endocrine system [di:l w?? ?i '?nd??kra?n 's?st?m]
Gastroenterologists [gaestr??nt?'r?l???st]
deal with the gastrointestinal tract [di:l w?? ?? ??aestr???n't?st?n?l traekt]
Examination and Functions of a Doctor
Обследование и функции врача Examination and Functions of a Doctor [???zaem?'ne???n aend 'f??k??nz ?v ? 'd?kt?]
Перед
Before the treatment of a disease an attending doctor should establish a diagnosis [b?'f?: ?? 'tri:tm?nt ?v ? d?'zi:z ?n ?'t?nd?? 'd?kt? ??d ?'staebl?? ? ?da???'n??s?s]. It is necessary for a doctor to determine the etiology of the disease, pathogenesis and symptoms, signs by which it can be revealed [?t ?z 'n?s?s?ri f?:r ? 'd?kt? tu: d?'t?:m?n ?i ?i:ti'?l??i ?v ?? d?'zi:z, ?pae??'??n?s?s aend 's?mpt?mz, sa?nz ba? w?? ?t kaen bi: r?'vi:ld].
A number of different procedures are used to make a diagnosis [? 'n?mb?r ?v 'd?f?r?nt pr?'si:??z ?: ju:zd tu: me?k ? ?da???'n??s?s]. They are: history-taking, physical examination, palpation, percussion, auscultation (выслушивание), laboratory studies, and instrumental studies [?e? ?: 'h?st?ri-'te?k??, 'f?z?k?l ???zaem?'ne???n, pael'pe???n, p?'k???n, ??:sk?l'te???n (выслушивание), l?'b?r?t?ri 'st?diz, aend ??nstr?'m?nt?l 'st?diz].
The attending doctor must know objective and subjective symptoms and complaints of patients as well as how long sick people have been having these symptoms [?i ?'t?nd?? 'd?kt? m?st n?? ?b'??kt?v aend s?b'??kt?v 's?mpt?mz aend k?m'ple?nts ?v 'pe???nts aez w?l aez ha? l?? s?k 'pi:p?l haev bi:n 'haev?? ?i:z 's?mpt?mz].
History of present illness makes a part on a case history (=case report) ['h?st?ri ?v 'pr?z?nt '?ln?s me?ks ? p?:t ?n ? ke?s 'h?st?ri (=ke?s r?'p?:t)]. The history of present illness contains a lot of findings: information of the patient on his admission, the results of laboratory and instrumental tests, and the course of disease with any changes in the symptoms and condition, the exact doses of the prescribed medicines, the produced effects of treatment [?? 'h?st?ri ?v 'pr?z?nt '?ln?s k?n'te?nz ? l?t ?v 'fa?nd??z: ??nf?'me???n ?v ?? 'pe???nt ?n h?z ?d'm???n, ?? r?'z?lts ?v l?'b?r?t?ri aend ??nstr?'m?nt?l t?sts, aend ?? k?:s ?v d?'zi:z w?? '?ni '?e?n??z ?n ?? 's?mpt?mz aend k?n'd???n, ?i ??'zaekt 'd??s?z ?v ?? pr?s'kra?bd 'm?ds?nz, ?? pr?'dju:st ?'f?kts ?v 'tri:tm?nt]. The case history should be written in a correct way, it should contain the exact and complete information [?? ke?s 'h?st?ri ??d bi: 'r?t?n ?n ? k?'r?kt we?, ?t ??d k?n'te?n ?i ??'zaekt aend k?m'pli:t ??nf?'me???n].