Респираторная медицина. Руководство (в 2-х томах)
Шрифт:
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Общая анестезия и оперативное лечение приводят к физиологическим изменениям, которые влияют на послеоперационную летальность и осложнения, на длительность пребывания в медицинском учреждении. Исследование, проведенное в 1995 г., показало, что у 17% пациентов после хирургического вмешательства развивается хотя бы одно осложнение [1]. Исследования последних десятилетий были направлены на то, чтобы еще до операции определить критерии, которые позволяют предсказать индивидуальный риск развития послеоперационных осложнений и летального исхода [2, 3]. Предоперационное функциональное обследование пациентов позволяет выявить «неоперабельных» пациентов, у которых достаточно высок риск серьезных операционных осложнений. Таким образом, цель предоперационной оценки пациента состоит в том, чтобы дать адекватные рекомендации о тактике ведения больных и риске, что позволит принять верное решение и выявить возможность уменьшить риск операционных осложнений и сократить период нетрудоспособности.